Author: Dr. Lauren Mrkobrada at Strathroy Animal Clinic
Epilepsy in Dogs
Epilepsy is a condition that predisposes an animal to recurring seizures. Causes of epilepsy can include genetic or suspected genetic factors (a common cause in young to middle-aged animals), reactive (such as due to a toxin, or a metabolic or nutritional issue), structural (including but not limited to infection, cancer, trauma, or congenital problems), and unknown causes (also referred to as idiopathic).
During a generalized seizure, animals typically lose consciousness, lose control of their bowels and bladder, move their limbs in a jerky/paddling fashion, vocalize, and drool. Focal seizures are more subtle, and typically present as movement of one side of the body (such as twitching of the face or movement of one limb), but sometimes only drooling or odd behaviors are seen (such as staring as if in a trance).
If the severity and frequency of the seizure activity warrant, acute and long term medications may be needed. Commonly used anticonvulsants for long term control of seizures include phenobarbital, levetiracetam, potassium bromide, and zonisamide. Each of these medications have potential side effects that should be discussed with your veterinarian. Some of these medications also require periodic blood work.
During a seizure, a dog should be placed on the floor or a level surface to avoid falling and getting hurt. Further, an owner should not place anything in an animal's mouth, grab their tongue, or hold them tightly.
Caring for an epileptic dog requires both an increased level of vigilance and veterinary care, but thankfully there are many devoted owners who do an amazing job at caring for their four-legged companions.
Reference
Michaels, J. Seizures. Plumb's Standards. https://standards.instinctvet.com/dx-tx/6x49KLs04WfFtegH7hTxe2?source=search&searchQuery=seizures+. Updated January 2022 
Dr. Lauren Mrkobrada
Dr. Lauren shares her house with her husband who enjoys playing innertube waterpolo, and six pets--three little boys who are always on the move, and three lovely domestic shorthairs named Libby, Gonzo, and Dora. When not at work or stepping on Lego pieces at home, Dr. Lauren likes to garden, canoe, paint, and cook.